PCOS renamed PMOS in push for better diagnosis and treatment

A hormonal condition affecting around one in eight women globally has been renamed from polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, to polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, now shortened to PMOS.

The name change, published in The Lancet on Tuesday, follows 14 years of collaboration between medical experts and patients.

Researchers supporting the change said the old name was misleading because the condition is not defined by ovarian cysts alone and extends beyond reproductive health. They said the earlier term contributed to confusion, missed diagnoses, and inadequate treatment.

Dr. Melanie Cree, a pediatric endocrinology expert at the University of Colorado Anschutz and one of the authors of the report, said the new name better reflects the complexity of the condition and could improve care.

PMOS is characterised by hormonal fluctuations that can affect weight, metabolism, mental health, the reproductive system, and skin health. It is also associated with metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

Symptoms can vary widely and often include irregular menstrual cycles and high androgen levels, which may cause acne, excessive hair growth, or hair thinning. Some patients may also develop ovarian follicles, though these are not considered abnormal cysts.

Experts say the condition is one of the most common causes of female infertility because irregular ovulation can make conception difficult. However, many people with the condition can still carry pregnancies successfully.

Doctors say treatment depends on individual symptoms and goals. Recommended approaches include lifestyle changes such as exercise, healthy eating, and proper sleep. Medications like Metformin, hormonal birth control, and androgen-blocking drugs may also be used.

Researchers and doctors are now working to raise awareness about the new terminology and its implications for diagnosis and treatment.