Indiscriminate usage of antibiotics likely to make AMR next big public health crisis, warns experts

New Delhi: The indiscriminate usage of antibiotics to treat Covid-19 patients is likely to make antimicrobial resistance (AMR) the next big public health crisis in India and globally, warns experts here on Thursday.

A group of researchers led by Professor N K Ganguly, former Director-General of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), have called for harmonised action on AMR citing various studies.

The study, published in the journal PLOS Medicine, indicated that almost everybody who was diagnosed with Covid-19 received an antibiotic in India.

"AMR is a bigger threat than Covid-19, we need harmonised on-ground action on human, animal, and environmental fronts to prevent its escalation into a public health emergency. India and many low and middle-income countries are already seeing a surge in drug resistance, even in common infections. I worry that due to Covid-19, the AMR situation has worsened. We need collective and immediate actions to curtail the aftermath," said author Professor Nirmal Kumar Ganguly, in a statement.

A relevant study led by researchers at the Barnes-Jewish Hospital in Missouri, US, showed that a total of 16.29 billion doses of antibiotics were sold in India in 2020.Adult dose usage increased from 72.6 per cent in 2018 and 72.5 per cent in 2019 to 76.8 per cent in 2020.

Besides direct intake of antibitocs, the drugs are also used indiscrimately in the animal husbandry and livestock industry. This allows for the spread of AMR as drug-resistant bacteria find their way into the food chain.

Another often ignored reason for the spread of AMR is the discharge of untreated effluents by pharmaceutical manufacturing units and hospital wastewater. It degrade the environment and affect animal and human health by increasing AMR, the experts said.

"To understand the emergence and mitigation of drug-resistant hotspots, we need better surveillance. Surveillance data in India is very limited. The effective antimicrobial agents are rapidly diminishing from the quiver of available standard of care treatment options. This is a major concern," said Professor V Samuel Raj, Director of the Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development and Dean Academic Affairs, SRM University, Sonipat.

Expert also recommends the need to bring about behavioural change to limit the overuse of antibiotics in humans and misuse of antibiotics in agriculture and livestock industry.It called for the development of mechanisms and standards for harmonised surveillance of AMR in animal, human and environmental ecosystems.

Meanwhile, the World Health Organization identifies AMR as one of the significant threats to global health and estimates that it will contribute to 10 million deaths by 2050.