Delhi’s toxic air may be silently worsening diabetes, warn doctors
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New Delhi: As Delhi-NCR and several North Indian cities continue to grapple with hazardous air quality, medical experts are warning of a lesser-known consequence: rising blood sugar levels among diabetics. While the health impact of pollution on the lungs is well documented, recent research suggests that toxic air may also interfere with how the body regulates glucose.
On Friday, Anand Vihar recorded an AQI of 368, the highest in the region, followed by Noida (334), Gurugram (277), Bulandshahr (281), Karnal (257), and Faridabad (201), according to the Central Pollution Control Board. The situation was worsened by cold temperatures and high humidity, with particulate matter levels far exceeding safe limits set by the World Health Organization.
Doctors say that diabetics are particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. Dr. Ajay Kumar Gupta, Senior Director of Internal Medicine at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Vaishali, explained that pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone trigger inflammation and oxidative stress, which reduce insulin sensitivity and disrupt blood sugar control. “This can cause blood sugar levels to rise even if your diet and activity remain unchanged,” he said.
A 2023 study published in ‘The Lancet Regional Health’, Southeast Asia found that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with higher fasting glucose levels and an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Chronic inflammation caused by pollutants can damage pancreatic beta cells, further destabilising blood sugar regulation and increasing the risk of complications such as neuropathy, kidney disease, and cardiovascular problems.
People with diabetes also face heightened risks due to weaker cardiovascular systems, making them more susceptible to pollution-related issues like thickened blood, narrowed vessels, and increased chances of heart attack or stroke.
Doctors recommend that diabetics take extra precautions during high pollution days. Reduced outdoor activity due to smog can affect blood sugar control, but indoor exercises such as yoga or stationary cycling can help maintain fitness. A diet rich in antioxidants, such as berries, citrus fruits, spinach, and nuts, can help combat oxidative stress. Staying hydrated, using air purifiers, wearing N95 masks, and keeping windows closed during peak pollution hours are also advised. Monitoring blood sugar more frequently during winter is crucial, as poor air quality can subtly raise glucose levels.
For those living with diabetes, every smoggy day carries hidden risks. Understanding the link between air pollution and blood sugar control is key to staying healthy through the polluted winter months.