FDA bans food colour Red Dye No. 3 amid cancer concerns

In a major public health move, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced the ban of Red Dye No. 3, a synthetic color additive linked to cancer in animals, from use in food, beverages, and ingested medications.

This action follows a petition submitted in November 2022 by advocacy groups such as the Centre for Science in the Public Interest and the Environmental Working Group, citing concerns over the dye’s potential cancer risk.

Red Dye No. 3, chemically known as erythrosine, is a synthetic colorant derived from petroleum. It has been commonly used to give foods and drinks a bright cherry-red hue, notably in candies and other sweets. However, studies have shown that Red 3 causes cancer in animals, which led to its ban in cosmetics in 1990. Recent research also links the dye to behavioral issues in children, including problems with attention span and memory, according to a 2021 study by California's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.

Manufacturers have until January 15, 2027, to eliminate Red Dye No. 3 from food products and until January 18, 2028, for medications. Imported foods and drugs will also need to comply with the new regulations. California took the lead in banning the dye in October 2023, and now, with the FDA's action, the ban is extended nationwide.

The ban comes in response to growing concerns about the health risks associated with synthetic food dyes. Red 3, in particular, has been found to pose significant health threats, including the potential to cause cancer and impact children's development. Its removal from food and drugs is seen as an important step in safeguarding public health.