Iran successfully launches heaviest space payload amid regional tensions

Iran has achieved a significant milestone in its space program by launching its heaviest payload into orbit, state media reported on Friday.

The payload, weighing 300 kilograms (660 pounds), includes the Fakhr-1 telecommunications satellite and the Saman-1 space tug, which was launched using the domestically developed Simorgh satellite carrier.

The Saman-1 space tug is an advanced "orbital transmission system" designed to transfer satellites from lower to higher orbits, marking a crucial step in Iran's space ambitions. The system was first introduced in 2017 and underwent a successful test launch in 2022.

The launch, described by Iranian state television as an "operational step" in advancing satellite deployment capabilities, took place at the Imam Khomeini launch base in Semnan province. The Simorgh, a two-stage, liquid-fueled satellite carrier named after a mythical Iranian bird, was developed by Iran's defense ministry.

This achievement follows Iran's September success in orbiting the Chamran-1 research satellite using the Ghaem-100 carrier, a product of the Revolutionary Guards' aerospace division.

Iran's satellite launches have drawn criticism from Western nations, including the United States, which argue that the technology could potentially be adapted for ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads. Tehran, however, denies such allegations, asserting that its space initiatives are strictly for civil and defensive purposes.

The recent launch also highlights growing collaboration between Iran and Russia. In October, Russia launched 55 satellites, including two Iranian-built units, Koswar and Hodhod, reflecting the strengthening ties between the two nations in political, economic, and military spheres.