Atmospheric CO2 levels hit record 424 PPM - largest annual rise since 1957

The concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere has reached a record high, according to a new report by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).

In 2024, atmospheric CO2 levels rose by 3.5 parts per million (ppm), marking the biggest yearly increase since records began in 1957.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) also confirmed that the global average of carbon dioxide reached 422.8 ppm in 2024 — 3.75 ppm higher than in 2023. This level is now about 150% of what it was in pre-industrial times, around the year 1750.

The WMO attributes the sharp increase to ongoing fossil-fuel emissions, large wildfires, and weakened natural carbon sinks. The report also noted that methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) levels have reached new record highs, intensifying the greenhouse effect.

Because these gases trap heat, the latest jump in CO₂ “locks in extra warming.”

WMO scientist Oksana Tarasova warned that as the planet heats up, natural carbon sinks such as oceans and forests will absorb less CO₂ — creating a feedback loop that accelerates global warming. Atmospheric CO₂ now exceeds about 424 ppm, or roughly 152% of pre-industrial levels.

The increase in greenhouse gases is already reshaping the global climate. WMO deputy Ko Barrett warned that “super-charging extreme weather is being turbo-charged by additional CO₂ heat.”

Rising concentrations of greenhouse gases are driving more frequent heatwaves, flooding, and rising sea levels — threatening agriculture, infrastructure, and homes.

In the Arctic, the tundra — once a powerful carbon sink — has begun emitting CO₂ due to rapid warming and widespread fires. Experts caution that carbon dioxide’s long lifespan means today’s emissions will continue to warm the planet for generations.

The WMO report emphasises that only a swift and significant reduction in emissions can slow these effects and prevent further climate destabilisation.