From Hindustani State to Hindu State
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Prime Minister Narendra Modi greeting people in Varanasi before inaugurating the redeveloped Kashi Vishwanath corridor in December 2021 (Photo credit: PTI)
Prime Minister Narendra Modi's open involvement in the construction, rebuilding and restoration of Hindu temples is a perilous thing for the Indian state or society. There is nothing wrong in the construction, rebuilding or restoration of Hindu temples. Those are iconic shrines which Hindus see as abodes of their highest deities and they have a right to construct, rebuild or restore them. But why should the Prime Minister get involved?
Narendra Modi is a self-professed Hindu believer. Nobody would have raised any fingers if he were to be engaged with other Hindu believers to construct, rebuild or restore those temples as a person. Much like other devotees, he would have worn saffron clothes and a tilak on his forehead and joined them at the foundation laying or inauguration ceremonies in the performance of the rituals, and nobody would have objected. Even if the media would have noticed because he was Prime Minister, it would have been for his good and the good of the Indian state and society, for he would have been applauded for going to the ceremony as a common Hindu.
In other words, nobody can take away Narendra Modi's right to believe in, follow and practise Hindu faith. Everyone in India is entitled to his faith. Where the problem arises is his participation in the projects and ceremonies in his official capacity as Prime Minister. He is completely ignoring the fact that as Prime Minister he represents the Indian state. By his participation he is making his personal faith as the faith of the Indian state. Surely, that is the RSS project and all those grandiose, intoxicantly choreographed and widely broadcast ceremonies with him at the centre are calculated and designed to demonstrate that Hinduism is the national religion of India. The RSS and Modi seem to have decided that if they are restrained by various domestic and global factors from officially declaring India as a Hindu rashtra, they can at least unofficially proclaim it so.
But in the process they are causing serious damage to the Indian state and society. The ruler in India throughout history, be it Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Sikh or Muslim -of course barring some exceptions could not ignore the reality that their subjects followed different faiths and they could not impose their personal faith upon them. That is why theocracy found no space in India, unlike Europe where kings had to adopt extreme secularism to end the dominance of the extreme religionism of the Pope. Independent India's concept of the relation between the state and religion was a continuity of the native political tradition. This concept stood on a firm tripod of principles: one, everyone would be free to follow his faith; two, the ruler would not impose his faith upon the people; and three, he would equally honour all faiths.
Throughout history, kings gave grants of land and other support to their subjects of different faiths to set up their places of worship. Following that political tradition, the state in Independent India provided subsidies for Muslims go to Mecca for hajj, Hindus to participate in the Kumbh mela and Sikhs to go to Pakistan for pilgrimage. There was an equal respect and honour to all faiths. The state treated them impartially. All that is changing with Modi in the Prime Minister's office. Under him, the state has become partial to Hindu religion.
Had he been involved in building, rebuilding and restoring the holy places of other faiths too, the world could have still said the Indian state was following the old tradition of equal respect for all faiths. But he is doing it only for Hindu faith. Under him, the state is using public money for the promotion, preservation and maintenance of only one faith. The money in the public treasury comes from followers of all faiths. But it is being used for building and rebuilding only the holy places of Hinduism.
Modi's efforts to shower special privileges on Hinduism and accord it a unique status is a reversal of India's historical tradition of equal respect to all faiths. India under him might not be looking like what Iran became after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, but it is certainly showing some likeness to the Iraq of Saddam Hussein who, while his state remained secular on paper, started a Return to the Faith campaign to promote Islam as the preferred religion in public life and the life of the Iraqis.
The similarity is seen not only in how Modi is restoring Hindu holy places but also in how he is propagating Hinduism. He takes pride in saying that his idea behind the restoration of great Hindu holy places and development of infrastructure around them is to get more and more people to visit them. Addressing the crowd at Kedarnath in early November last year he asked the older people to bring the younger generations to the Hindu 'tirth sthals' (holy places) in order to acquaint them with 'our history, culture and tradition'.
Modi's partiality to Hinduism is a clear proof of the pseudo secularism of the RSS. In theory the RSS stands for a state that respects all religions and has no religion of its own. In the words of the RSS chief ideologue M.S. Golwalkar, there has always been "scope and opportunity in India for every religious persuasion to grow". The king, he says, respected and encouraged "every single religious thought, however few its adherents, to grow according to its genius." The king was the pillar of support and protection for all faiths. To the king, followers of all faiths were equal in the eyes of the state. Golwalkar's clinching line is: "Never did the king prostitute the state apparatus to impose his personal religious dogmas."
But that is the secularism the RSS preaches. The secularism it practises is just the opposite of it. What we are seeing is the state's open partiality to one faith. The king is openly prostituting the state apparatus to impose his personal religious dogmas. The king is not a pillar of protection for all faiths but the promoter and propagator of one faith.
Modi's partiality to Hinduism is changing the character and image of the Indian state from multireligious to mono religious in the eyes of Indians and people abroad. From a Hindustani state, we are becoming a Hindu state. And that shift has unleashed venomous dragons that are attacking followers of other faiths in every nook and corner of the country.
(Arun Sinha is a journalist and writer)
