Extremely low body fat can be as harmful as obesity, with experts cautioning that maintaining a healthy balance is essential for overall well-being.
While weight loss is often linked to better health outcomes, very low body fat levels can disrupt vital bodily functions. A certain amount of fat is necessary to support hormones, immunity, and energy storage.
One of the major risks is hormonal imbalance. Low body fat can affect hormone production, leading to irregular menstrual cycles in women and reduced testosterone levels in men. It can also impact thyroid function.
Nutritional deficiencies are another concern. Fat is needed to absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K, and insufficient fat levels can lead to deficiencies even with adequate intake, affecting vision, skin health, and blood clotting.
Experts say immunity can also weaken, as fat stores provide energy for the body to fight infections. People with very low body fat may fall sick more often and take longer to recover.
Bone health may also suffer. Reduced hormone levels linked to low body fat can increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, especially in women.
Mental health is another area of concern. Extremely low body fat has been associated with anxiety, depression, and a higher risk of eating disorders.
Other effects include chronic fatigue due to low energy reserves and difficulty maintaining body temperature, as fat plays a key role in insulation.
Health experts advise focusing on balanced nutrition and sustainable fitness rather than extreme weight loss. Adequate protein intake, strength training, whole foods, and proper sleep are key to maintaining a healthy body composition.
They stress that the goal should not just be a lower number on the scale, but a balance where body fat supports essential functions while minimising disease risk.