Mastering diabetes: Pro tips for a healthier life

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels, and its global prevalence is escalating. Currently, over 537 million people worldwide are living with diabetes, with nearly half unaware of their condition. In Qatar, the prevalence among adults aged 20 to 79 years was reported at 16.4% in 2021, affecting approximately 395,000 individuals. This statistic is notably higher than the global average of 10.5%, underscoring the urgent need for focused management and prevention efforts. While Qatar's prevalence is somewhat lower than the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region's average of 17.8%, it remains a significant public health concern.

Diabetes is a major cause of complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness, making effective management crucial. The disease encompasses several types, including Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and rarer forms such as maturity onset diabetes of the young and neonatal diabetes. Factors contributing to diabetes include obesity, physical inactivity, genetic predispositions, and conditions like insulin resistance and hormonal diseases.

Diabetes treatment plans vary depending on the type of diabetes and individual needs. For individuals with Type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy is essential, as their bodies cannot produce insulin due to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Type 2 diabetes, which is more common, may require oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones, along with injectable medications designed to help manage blood glucose levels. Lifestyle changes play a vital role in managing diabetes, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity. A healthy diet should include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, while limiting processed foods and sugary drinks. Experts recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week to help improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels.

Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly is also crucial for people with diabetes. Using a blood glucose meter helps individuals track their progress and make necessary adjustments to their treatment plan. Pharmacists play a key role in assisting patients with proper blood sugar management, providing personalized support and education to ensure effective control of the condition.

Pharmacists are increasingly recognized for their significant role in the care and management of diabetes, particularly in Type 2 diabetes management. They provide personalized, collaborative care by ensuring that medications are appropriate for each patient's needs, advising patients on proper medication usage, and potential side effects, and addressing any concerns regarding treatment. Beyond medication management, pharmacists offer critical counseling on lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, to improve patients’ overall health and well-being. Pharmacists also educate patients on the complications associated with diabetes, such as hypoglycemia, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetic retinopathy. This education is crucial, as diabetes can lead to multiple health challenges if not properly managed. In addition, pharmacists provide guidance on the use of supplements that can aid in diabetes management, such as chromium for insulin sensitivity, and vitamins B12, C, and Alpha-lipoic acid, which are beneficial for overall blood glucose control.

With diabetes on the rise in Qatar, the role of pharmacists is becoming even more critical. Their ability to offer extended care services, from screening to ongoing disease management, positions them as essential members of the healthcare team. As one of the most accessible healthcare professionals, community pharmacists are uniquely positioned to help manage the growing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and support patients in leading healthier lives.

Effective diabetes management requires a holistic approach, including appropriate medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring. Pharmacists in Qatar are playing an increasingly important role in providing the guidance, education, and support necessary to improve outcomes for individuals living with diabetes. Their contributions are vital in the ongoing effort to manage the diabetes epidemic and prevent its associated complications.