Infosys co-founder Narayana Murthy has expressed skepticism about the way artificial intelligence (AI) is being discussed in India, stating that it has become "fashionable" to link AI with everything - even when the technology is not genuinely involved.
Speaking at the TiEcon Mumbai 2025 event on Wednesday, he pointed out that many so-called AI applications are simply ordinary programs being branded as AI.
Murthy highlighted that while AI is a powerful technology, its true potential lies in its core principles - machine learning and deep learning. He explained that machine learning is essentially large-scale data correlation that helps predict outcomes based on historical patterns. Deep learning, on the other hand, mimics human brain function and works with unsupervised algorithms, allowing AI to make independent decisions by recognising complex patterns.
"Deep learning, using the data it has, creates new branches of programs or new conditions, allowing it to take decisions," he explained. "Unsupervised algorithms, which rely on deep learning and neural networks, have greater potential to mimic human intelligence."
Despite these advancements, Murthy criticised the overuse of AI terminology in India. "Most of the so-called AI things available today are just silly, old programs," he remarked, cautioning against mislabeling ordinary software as AI innovations.
Addressing concerns about AI-driven job losses, Murthy acknowledged that technological advancements will inevitably lead to the elimination of certain roles. However, he believes that if AI is used as an assistive tool rather than a replacement for human labor, it can contribute to economic expansion and job creation.
"Every new technology leads to some job displacement," he said, "but when used in an assistive manner, it has the potential to drive economic growth."
He cited examples such as AI-powered autonomous vehicles and hospital automation, where the use of AI can lead to industry expansion and, in turn, generate employment opportunities.